Marital Journey of Sett Juhar A Walk-through Marriages and Divorces' Contracts of Sett Juhar during the 4th AH/ 10th AD Century preserved in Egyptian National Library A Study of Form and Content

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Lecturer, Faculty of Archeology, ʿAin Shams University, Egypt

Abstract

A wide range of documents are preserved by the Egyptian National Library. One of the most significant legal papers is a marriage and divorce contract because it demonstrates how closely Egyptian marriage and divorce customs adhere to Islamic law.
This study presents a document containing five marriage and divorce contracts dated to the 4th century AH / 10th century AD and preserved in the Egyptian National Library. It includes the marriage and divorce contracts of Sett Juhar, who was married three times and divorced twice during the period from 10th of Rabīʿ II 368 A.H./ 15th of November, 978 A.D., to 10th ḏu-l-Qiʿdah 393A.H./10th September 1002 A.D.
It generally highlights marriage and divorce contracts during this historical period, reflecting social and economic manifestations during this period, and has been dealt with in accordance with the descriptive approach to the form of this document and the analytical approach to its content. This document also explains the method of drafting marriage and divorce contracts in the 4th century AH/10th century AD, and the extent to which these methods conform to jurisprudential sources. Marriage contracts also explain the phenomenon of dowry and the method of paying it to the wife or her parentage.
تحتفظ دار الكتب المصرية بالعديد من الوثائق المتنوعة، وتُعد عقود الزواج والطلاق أحد أهم هذه الوثائق؛ إذ أنها تبيَّن عادات المجتمع المصري بالنسبة للزواج والطلاق، ومدى مطابقة تلك العادات للشرع الكريم.
تُقدم هذه الدراسة وثيقة بها خمسة عقود زواج وطلاق تؤرخ بالقرن 4هـ/ 10م محفوظة فى دار الكتب المصرية؛ إذ تتضمَّن عقود الزواج والطلاق الخاصة بالست جوهر والتى تزوجت ثلاث مرات وتم طلاقها مرتين خلال الفترة من 10 ربيع الأخر سنة 368هـ/15نوفمبر سنة978م إلى10 ذى القعدة  سنة 393هـ/10سبتمبر سنة1002م، وبذلك تلقى هذه الوثيقة الضوء بصفة عامة على عقود الزواج والطلاق إبان هذه الفترة التاريخية، حيث تعكس المظاهر الإجتماعية والإقتصادية إبان تلك الفترة، وقد تم تناولها وفقا للمنهج الوصفي لشكل هذه الوثيقة، والمنهج التحليلي لمضمونها. كما أن هذه الوثيقة توضِّح أسلوب صياغة عقود الزواج والطلاق في القرن 4هـ/10 م، ومدى مطابقة تلك الأساليب للمصادر الفقهية، كذلك تبيِّن عقود الزواج ظاهرة الصداق وأسلوب سداده للزوجة أو ولي أمرها.
 

Keywords

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The theses:
ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd, Ālā’ al-Dīn ʿAbd al-ʿĀl , “Šawāhid al-qubūr al-islāmiyah fi’ al al-ʿaṣrayn al-Ayyūbī wa’ al mamlūkī fi Miṣr (567-923 AH/1171-1517 AD), Dirāsah Āṯāriyah Fanniya”, Published M.A. diss., University of South Valley: 1425 AH/2004 AD.
Aḥmad, Hayam ḤasanʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, “al-Ḥaya al-iqtiṣādiyah wa’ al-Iğtimāʿiyah fi saʿīd Miṣr fī ḍaw’ al-nuṣūs al-bardiyat al-ʿarabiyah wa’ awrāq al-kāġid min al-fatḥ al-islāmī wa ḥata nahāyat al-ʿaṣr al-faṭimī al-awal (31-487AH/641-1049AD)”, Unpublished PhD. diss.,  University of Cairo: 1435 AH/2013 AD.
al-Zuġbī .Fayzah Maḥmūd Aḥmad, “Marāsīm al-Zawāj fi Miṣr wa bilād al-Šām min al-ʿAṣr al-Faṭimi ḥatta nahāyat ʿaṣr dawlat al-mamālīk, Dirāsah Tārīḫiyah”, Unpublished M.A. diss., University of Yarmūk: 2003.
Websites:
https://www.davidmus.dk

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